Backpackers who venture into the desert in summer face a different set of problems. Heat exhaustion is an easy-to-remedy malady in which the victim feels faint, dizzy and nauseated. Significantly, however, the victim's core temperature is not elevated above the normal 98.6° F. The solution is to rest in the coolest area available and to drink salty fluids. Most victims recover quickly.

Heat stroke is a far more serious malady in which sweating stops, the skin feels hot to the touch and the body's core temperature soars to 105° or higher. Heat stroke is a true medical emergency requiring rapid cooling of the victim. If possible, immerse the victim in tepid (not cold) water. If that's not possible, cover the victim with water-soaked clothes and fan the victim to promote evaporation. Massage the victim's limbs vigorously to prevent blood from pooling in the extremities. By increasing circulation, you'll also help cool the overheated core. A heat-stroke victim's temperature can be quite unstable for several days afterwards.

The key to preventing heat injuries is to drink. And drink. And drink – up to eight quarts of water per day in extreme conditions. Don't try to conserve water, thinking that you'll "teach your body to make do with less." Your body doesn't work that way. Don't rely on your sensation of thirst to tell you when to drink. You're likely to drink a pint when you need a half-gallon. Your urine should be copious and clear. Dark yellow urine is a sign you're not drinking enough. Pound those fluids! Wear light-colored clothing and a well-ventilated sun hat with a broad brim or skirt that hangs down over your neck. Schedule your hiking for the early morning and late evening hours when temperatures are lower. Find some shade and hole up in the middle of the day. Only mad dogs and overeager backpackers go out in the midday sun when the temperature is in the triple digits.

Next Page: Altitude Illness

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